英语作文文体及其写作要领
文体
? 记叙文
? 描写文
? 说明文
? 议论文
? 应用文
一、议论文
定义: 摆事实、讲道理来阐明自己的观点的文体
说明文：重客观陈述；重“解释”
议论文：重发表自己的看法；重“劝说”
议论文
立论：作者先提出自己的观点，然后摆事实证实其正确性
驳论：首先给出一个明显错误的观点或批驳对象，然后针对其观点的谬误、论据的虚假或论证的逻辑错误进行批驳。
The world is getting smaller and smaller
1.现代化的交通工具越来越发达;
2.人与人之间的交往越来越频繁;
3.结论
Do lucky numbers really bring luck?
? 有些人认为某些数字会带来运气;
? 也有些人认为数字与运气无关;
? 试说明你的观点;
立论性议论文
? 分析建议类
? 原因分析类
? 对比/比较分析类
? 各抒己见类
? 批驳分析类
分析建议类
Anti-drug Battles
? 目前我国吸毒人数惊人, 且呈上升趋势;
? 毒品是万恶之源;
? 如何开展全民反毒斗争;
原因分析类
Harmfulness of Video-Games ? 中小学生玩电子游戏屡禁不止;
? 试分析电子游戏给学生和社会带来的危害;
各抒己见类
What is a good teacher in the new century? ? 有人认为好老师最重要的是要有渊博的知识; ? 也有人认为好老师最重要的是要有奉献精神; ? 我的看法;
批驳分析类
Can Success Be Measured in Terms of Money? ? 许多人认为金钱是衡量成功的标准; ? 相反的意见; ? 结论
二、记叙文
1. 六大要素
Who, when, where, what, why, how 2. 注意问题 1). 选材得当 2).条理清楚
顺序法; 倒叙法; 插叙; 夹叙夹议 3). 交待明白
? An Unforgettable Event in My Childhood ? A Memorable Trip ? A Car Accident
三、说明文
定义：说明事实、情况或道理的文章，即对事件的发生、发展、结果或事物的性质、特征等进行解释说明以阐明事理的一种文体。通过如实的解说来启发读者，向读者提供知识或给予指导。说明书；内容提要
说明文的种类
举例/列举型 知识型 对比型
定义说明型
举例/列举型
通过举例或列举阐明事理的写作方法。
设定实例-----说明实例的发展与结果----得出结论
通过实例解释现象，介绍知识，说明事物的性质或特征的写作方法。
Risk Worth Taking in Life
There is no denying that life is filled with uncountable undesirable risks. To illustrate, a driver throws himself into danger when driving too fast or after drinking a lot, and a heavy smoker is running the risk of
suffering from lung cancer. Still in our life, however, there are many risks worth taking, since they will bring you success, fame or pleasure.
There are many worthy and rewarding risks. A case in point is that you try to pursue the girl you love; another case in point is that starting one’s own business, esp. for a laid-off worker. Besides, buying stocks is another risk worth taking. But one thing is certain, luck and misfortune will accompany you as twin brothers.
To sum up, although undergoing risks can make you more
experienced and enable you to weather the crisis, it is advisable to take only the rewarding risks whose opportunities far outweigh their risks.
知识型说明文
? 通过解释说明来阐述事实、道理或介绍知识、信息等的写作方法The English Names 1. 说明名与姓的区别;
2. 中间名及其适用范围和场合;
3. 说明Mr.与Mrs. 与姓的连用方法; 4. 说明不用姓时的称谓方法;
对比型说明文
通过对两种事物进行对比或比较, 找出共同点或不同点说明方法 Teachers and Actors ? 教师和演员的共同点; ? 不同点 ? 结论
定义型说明文
通过提示概念的内涵或用下定义的方法来明确概念的方法 Youth
? 青春的定义
? 从男女青年、中年人、老年人、孩子多个视角说明青春对不同年龄的人含义不
同
信件
英语书信的格式 Heading (信头)
Inside name & address(收信人姓名地址) Salutation (称呼) Body (正文)
Complimentary close (结尾谦语)
Signature (签名) Enclosure(附件)postscript(再启)
superscription(信封的写法)
信头 收信人姓名地址 称呼
正文
附件及再启
HeadingEnglish Section
Department of Foreign Languages Dalian University ofTechnology Dalian, China October 5, 2007
Inside nameMr. Charles Smith
Head of the Department
Department of Communication Technology University of Sydney Australia
SalutationMr. + family name Mrs./Miss/Ms.
President/Professor/Doctor Smith, Black Bush Dear Sir/Madam,
Complimentary close Yours sincerely/ Sincerely yours, Yours faithfully, Respectfully yours,
Yours, /Love,/ Yours ever, Charles Read
(Dean of the Faculty)
结尾谦语签名
EnclosureEncl. my Resume
have sent you a New Year present.
信封
From Wang Nanstamp Department of Computer Science Northwest University Xi’an, 710069 China
Dr. George F. Jones322 Fall River RoadWashington D.C. 10038U.S.A.